The Evolution of Aortic Cannula Modification: A Mini Review

Abstract

Aortic cannulation is a surgical technique used in cardiac surgery to establish extracorporeal circulation, enabling the surgeon to bypass the heart's function temporarily during procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve replacement, aortic aneurysm repair, and congenital heart defect corrections. This technique involves accessing the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and connecting it to a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine, which takes over the pumping function of the heart and provides oxygenated blood to the body's organs and tissues. Aortic cannulation is a critical step in cardiac surgery, providing the necessary access to the heart and vasculature while ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during surgical interventions. Careful attention to patient selection, cannula placement, and intraoperative monitoring is essential to optimize outcomes and minimize complications. To appreciate the contemporary landscape of aortic cannulation, it is imperative to embark on a historical journey through its evolution. The roots of aortic cannulation trace back to the pioneering efforts of early cardiac surgeons. Their ingenuity and perseverance laid the foundation for the refined techniques in practice today. Over the years, aortic cannulation techniques have undergone a metamorphosis, driven by advances in surgical instruments, technology, and a deepening understanding of cardiovascular physiology.