A Review of Bioink Development for 3D Bioprinting: Application in Corneal Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

This review was to describe the state and progress regarding methods for 3D bioprinting applicable for corneal regeneration; these are identified with developments related to bioink and related bioprinting technologies. This review article has pointed out in detail the mechanism of the 3D printing process; it maintains that bioink ideally consists of biomaterial components deriving both from natural and synthetic ones, cells, and biochemical factors, in such ways which could imitate the properties of a native cornea in several respects, in its mechanic, structural, and ultrastructural features. Biocompatibility, transparency, strength for tension, and corresponding rheology were emphasized as relevant. This review discusses recent modalities of bioprinting, including inkjet, extrusion-based, laser-assisted bioprinting, and stereolithography, for their adequacy in corneal tissue engineering. The integrated use of advanced bioprinting techniques combined with optimized bioinks is a highly promising approach in the fabrication of functional corneal tissues for restored vision and the treatment of ocular disorders.